Timeline of Nelson Mandela's life
1912
The South African Native National Congress (SANNC), later to become the African National Congress (ANC), is formed in Bloemfontein on Jan. 8.
1918
Rolihlahla Mandela is born on July 18 in the village of Mvezo in the province of Transkei, South Africa. He acquires the Christian name Nelson from a teacher in primary school.
1944
Nelson Mandela joins the African National Congress. With Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu and Ashley Peter Mda, he forms the ANC Youth League.
1944
Mandela marries his first wife, Evelyn Mase. They divorce in 1958 after having four children.
1948
Apartheid, as an official government segregation policy, is introduced by the National Party after it comes to power.
1952
Mandela opens a law practice with Oliver Tambo.
1956
Along with most of the ANC leaders, Mandela is arrested for treason. They are found not guilty five years later.
1958
Mandela marries Winnie Madikizela.
1960
The Sharpeville Massacre takes place on March 21. Sixty-nine people are killed when South African police open fire on demonstrators in the township.
1960
South Africa declares a state of emergency prior to banning the ANC on April 8.
1961
The military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), is cofounded by Mandela in response to the Sharpeville Massacre.
1962
Mandela is arrested and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labor.
1963
Along with other leaders of the ANC and Umkhonto we Sizwe, Mandela stands trial, charged with trying to overthrow the government. The young leader makes a statement from the dock that would become famous. The proceeding becomes known as the Rivonia Trial after the Johannesburg suburb where several of the defendants were arrested.
1964
Mandela and seven others are sentenced to life imprisonment on June 12. He will spend 27 years behind bars. He is held at Robben Island Prison from 1964 to 1982, Pollsmoor Prison on the mainland from 1982 to 1988 and Victor Vester Prison in Paarl until his release in 1990.
1976
The Soweto uprising begins on June 16, as police fire on thousands of young black South Africans protesting a law that would make Afrikaans the main teaching language in schools. Although the government says 95 people are killed, more than 500 likely die. The event helps propel the anti-apartheid struggle to the world stage.
1985
Mandela rejects, through his daughter Zindzi, South African President P.W. Botha's offer to release him if he renounces violence.
1988
The Free Nelson Mandela Concert at Wembley Stadium in London is attended by 72,000 people. That same year, he is diagnosed with tuberculosis.
1989
South African President F.W. de Klerk announces sweeping reforms at the opening session of parliament on Feb. 2. Changes include lifting the ban on the ANC and the unconditional release of Mandela.
1990
Mandela is released from prison on Feb. 11.
1991
The first national conference of the ANC is held inside South Africa since it was banned 31 years earlier. Mandela is elected president of the party.
1993
De Klerk and Mandela win a shared Nobel Peace Prize.
1994
South Africa holds its first free general election on April 27. Mandela votes for the first time in his life, and is elected president. The ANC picks up 62 percent of the vote, and wins seven of the country's nine provinces. The country's new leader is inaugurated on May 10.
1994
His autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom," is published.
1996
Mandela divorces his wife Winnie, having separated from her on suspicion of adultery. Two years later he marries his third wife, Graca Machel, the widow of the former president of Mozambique.
1999
Steps down after one term as president and starts the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
2001
Mandela is diagnosed with prostate cancer.
2004
Retires from public life, saying, "Don't call me, I'll call you."
2005
Mandela's son Makgatho dies of AIDS.
2010
Makes his last public appearance at the soccer World Cup in South Africa.
2013
Mandela spends his 95th birthday in the hospital, and dies on Dec. 5 at home with his family. His death is announced to the world by President Jacob Zuma.
The South African Native National Congress (SANNC), later to become the African National Congress (ANC), is formed in Bloemfontein on Jan. 8.
1918
Rolihlahla Mandela is born on July 18 in the village of Mvezo in the province of Transkei, South Africa. He acquires the Christian name Nelson from a teacher in primary school.
1944
Nelson Mandela joins the African National Congress. With Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu and Ashley Peter Mda, he forms the ANC Youth League.
1944
Mandela marries his first wife, Evelyn Mase. They divorce in 1958 after having four children.
1948
Apartheid, as an official government segregation policy, is introduced by the National Party after it comes to power.
1952
Mandela opens a law practice with Oliver Tambo.
1956
Along with most of the ANC leaders, Mandela is arrested for treason. They are found not guilty five years later.
1958
Mandela marries Winnie Madikizela.
1960
The Sharpeville Massacre takes place on March 21. Sixty-nine people are killed when South African police open fire on demonstrators in the township.
1960
South Africa declares a state of emergency prior to banning the ANC on April 8.
1961
The military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), is cofounded by Mandela in response to the Sharpeville Massacre.
1962
Mandela is arrested and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labor.
1963
Along with other leaders of the ANC and Umkhonto we Sizwe, Mandela stands trial, charged with trying to overthrow the government. The young leader makes a statement from the dock that would become famous. The proceeding becomes known as the Rivonia Trial after the Johannesburg suburb where several of the defendants were arrested.
1964
Mandela and seven others are sentenced to life imprisonment on June 12. He will spend 27 years behind bars. He is held at Robben Island Prison from 1964 to 1982, Pollsmoor Prison on the mainland from 1982 to 1988 and Victor Vester Prison in Paarl until his release in 1990.
1976
The Soweto uprising begins on June 16, as police fire on thousands of young black South Africans protesting a law that would make Afrikaans the main teaching language in schools. Although the government says 95 people are killed, more than 500 likely die. The event helps propel the anti-apartheid struggle to the world stage.
1985
Mandela rejects, through his daughter Zindzi, South African President P.W. Botha's offer to release him if he renounces violence.
1988
The Free Nelson Mandela Concert at Wembley Stadium in London is attended by 72,000 people. That same year, he is diagnosed with tuberculosis.
1989
South African President F.W. de Klerk announces sweeping reforms at the opening session of parliament on Feb. 2. Changes include lifting the ban on the ANC and the unconditional release of Mandela.
1990
Mandela is released from prison on Feb. 11.
1991
The first national conference of the ANC is held inside South Africa since it was banned 31 years earlier. Mandela is elected president of the party.
1993
De Klerk and Mandela win a shared Nobel Peace Prize.
1994
South Africa holds its first free general election on April 27. Mandela votes for the first time in his life, and is elected president. The ANC picks up 62 percent of the vote, and wins seven of the country's nine provinces. The country's new leader is inaugurated on May 10.
1994
His autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom," is published.
1996
Mandela divorces his wife Winnie, having separated from her on suspicion of adultery. Two years later he marries his third wife, Graca Machel, the widow of the former president of Mozambique.
1999
Steps down after one term as president and starts the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
2001
Mandela is diagnosed with prostate cancer.
2004
Retires from public life, saying, "Don't call me, I'll call you."
2005
Mandela's son Makgatho dies of AIDS.
2010
Makes his last public appearance at the soccer World Cup in South Africa.
2013
Mandela spends his 95th birthday in the hospital, and dies on Dec. 5 at home with his family. His death is announced to the world by President Jacob Zuma.
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